`` Dangerous Minds Arizon Banning Of Mexican American...

In Curtis Acosta’s article, â€Å"Dangerous Minds In Tucson: The Banning of Mexican American Studies and Critical Thinking In Arizona†, he explains about the injustice surrounding the banning of his Mexican American studies program (MAS) in Tuscon, Arizona. Acosta main argument was that the politicians in Arizona are taking away the chance for America’s youth, particularly the minorities, of becoming significant contributors to society. In contrast, one of the politicians (Tom Horne) who was influential in banning the ethnic studies program, wrote a letter, â€Å"An Open Letter to the Citizens of Tucson†, explaining why he felt the ethnic studies program should be terminated. Horne believed that the curriculum being taught was a violation of the Constitution. The debate was to find better ways to educate our students whether it was through critical pedagogy or individualism. A teacher should focus on developing students critical thinking skills and ethica l standards, as Acosta does by connecting to students personal lives, teaching students’ compassion and understanding, and keeping the class engaged. A key component in teaching students critical thinking is being able to engage students in the active process of learning, and one can accomplish this through teaching the class by involving relevant topics that students can relate to. This is a main aspect of Acosta’s critical pedagogy curriculum which involves having the student participate in the academic experience. Acosta shows

Pre Exposure Prophylaxis ( Prep ) - 1133 Words

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) consists in the use of oral ART (either tenofovir alone, TFV, or in association with emtricibine, TFV/FTC) or topical vaginal TFV gel to prevent HIV transmission. This intervention was initially proposed following previous research that showed ART as an effective way to prevent transmission (i.e. prevention of mother-to-child-transmission, MTCT, treatment as prevention strategy, TaP, and in the context of post-exposure prophylaxis, PEP) (1, 6). Since 2012, following the results of RCTs showing PrEP to be efficacious against HIV transmission in different settings were, both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have issue recommendations for its use on populations at increase risk for HIV infection. In this paper, I will discuss the scientific evidence on PrEP and particularities of its use among transgender women. (b) Targeted population A 2013 meta-analysis by Baral and colleagues indicated a 21.7% prevalence of HIV in this population in the US, which represents an odds 34.2 times that of the sexually active population (BARAL). Transgender women, an individual assigned as male early in life but who identifies as a woman, experience increased vulnerability to HIV infection that can be attributed to â€Å"multilevel, intersecting factors that also influence all stages of the HIV treatment treatment and care continuum†. (POTEAT). These factors include structural and interpersonal stigma,Show MoreRelatedPre Exposure Prophylaxis ( Prep ) Use1655 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use has proven to be efficacious in clinical study settings for the prevention of HIV infection; however, more knowledge is needed to inform best practice models for implementation of PrEP in high-risk urban populations. In upcoming years, we can expect many AIDS service organizations (ASOs) and community-based organizations (CBOs) to integrate PrEP into their clinics as a prevention tool. Demonstration projects are underway all over the country to studyRead MorePre Exposure Prophylaxis ( Prep ) For Hiv Prevention1201 Words   |  5 Pages Article Report Brent Henrikson Name: Universityâ€Æ' Article 1 Abstract â€Å"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is a promising experimental approach currently being tested globally. A number of PrEP trials are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of PrEP in men who have sex with men (MSM) and other populations at risk for HIV, and results will be available from this first generation of efficacy trials over the next few years. Here we review the rationale for orally-administeredRead MoreLimitations Of Acquiring Data On Hiv1783 Words   |  8 Pages Preexposure Prophylaxis in Preventing HIV The most promising method of HIV prevention yet, especially in high-risk populations like the transgender female population, has been the use of preexposure prophylaxis, or PrEP for short. It is a daily oral medication that decreases HIV acquisition, and is for use by high-risk populations. It was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2013, which the CDC has also approved for use (7). The results of the first PrEP clinical trialRead MoreUptake Use And Effectiveness Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In Hivya Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining the uptake, use and effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV negative persons with partners living with HIV. Related to this study was another research conducted by the same researchers but this time they investigated antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among heterosexual men and women. In another study conducted by AIDS (London), the study was based on determining effectiveness and safety of HIV pr e-exposure prophylaxis for all populations. A study conducted by EmoryRead MoreUtilization Of Hiv Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This report is intended to provide an evaluation and assessment of Programs to Increase the Utilization of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Men Who have Sex with Mem (MSM) and Transgender Individuals and Collaborative Efforts to Metropolitan Statistical Area, offered by the International Black Women’s Congress (IBWC) in response to the request for proposal for The Virginia Department of Health, Division of Disease Prevention for the delivery of HIV services in the VirginiaRead MoreThe And Drug Administration Approved Truvada For Treating Hiv889 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis treatment, best known as PrEP, is the latest and, according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), most efficient method of HIV prevention. However, the CDC still emphasizes on the importance of condoms and other prevention tools, even if the person is on PrEP. In 2004, The Food and Drug Administration approved Truvada for treating HIV infections. Eight years later, it debuted as the first drug (and still the only one) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). EssentiallyRead MoreSouth Carolina Hiv / Aids Council Project Preplan Community Summit : Taking Action Changing Our Destiny1405 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent walks of life: from seropositive and seronegative patients, to social workers, pharmacists, and doctors. Dr. Divya Ahuja from USC School of Medicine gave an overview of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). His platform was followed by multiple panel discussions regarding various questions and viewpoints about PrEP. Despite the awareness that has brought attention to HIV testing, and medicinal advancements that have made decreasing the rate of transmission possible, over 50,000 new HIV infectionsRead MoreThe Center For Disease Control And Prevention1562 Words   |  7 PagesFindings Furthermore, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that studies, as noted before, have shown PrEP reduces the risk of getting HIV through sexual intercourse by more than 90% and by more than 70% among populations who inject drugs when taken regularly. Gay or bisexual men increase their chance of being exposed to the virus if they have had anal sex without a condom, been diagnosed with an STD during the past 6 months or are in a relationship with an HIV-positive partnerRead MoreHiv And The United Kingdom1014 Words   |  5 Pagesthis public health problem. (Public Health England, 2014) 2.2. Truvada as PrEP In 2014, a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), Truvada, was introduced in the UK as a preventative method of HIV infection after it was made available in the United States in 2012. PrEP uses antiretroviral drugs (ART) to protect HIV-negative people from becoming infected with HIV; PrEP suppresses the virus and can reduce further transmission. PrEP was shown to be highly effective for gay men and MSM, as they are at greatestRead MorePractice Change : Use A Screening Tool For Identifying Candidates For Pre Exposure Prophylaxis1602 Words   |  7 PagesPractice Change: Use of a Screening Tool to Identify Candidates For Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Introduction Despite advances in screening and treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) over the last 30 years, HIV remains a significant global issue (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015; Yagoda Moore, 2016). The United States (US) experienced a brief decline in new HIV cases, but total HIV incidence has failed to decrease meaningfully in the past 25 years (Yagoda Moore, 2016). According

Cultural Reconciling Policy and Principle †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Reconciling Policy and Principle. Answer: Introduction International business encompasses the commercial activities that are undertaken for promoting the services, goods, people, ideas, resources, and technological access across national boundaries. The international business often occurs in different format (Besley, 2015). For instance, the firms need to move the goods from one country to another during which the firm requires establishing the international business. Business expansion in a different country is another significant aspect of establishing the international business. However, while developing the international business in a country, it is important for the business marketers to recognize the market feasibility and the external challenges that significantly create impact on the business operations. The study explores the legal and political environment in UK to identify the feasibility of doing business. The study would develop the clear understanding of the considerable factors and issues that have the recognizable impacts on the business entities. Political environment in UK United Kingdom is one of the developed countries that experience stabilized political structure. The stale political scenario of the country attracts many foreign investors for establishing their business or investing capital amount for the local brands (Bekaert et al., 2016). The country has achieved the sixth position in the economic ground. It is noticed that UK is a constitutional monarchy, but quite symbolic in nature. The reformation in the banking sector has enabled the country to attract almost 23 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI) (Export.gov. 2018). Therefore, the country has achieved the leading position for the foreign investors to establish their business. Both the local and foreign have to pay 21% tax whereas the personal income tax rate is up to 20% (Doingbusiness.org. 2018). However, after the occurrence of the Brexit process, the foreign investors need to follow both the UK government rules and EU regulations. Such regulations can be challenging for the forei gn business investors. The foreign countries can invest more on the manufacturing sectors by developing more innovative technologies. However, it has been observed that the EU referendum and the Brexit effects are quite challenging for the foreign investors (Export.gov. 2018). The strict EU regulations sometimes create the obstructions in investing on the goods and employing the local manpower (Subedi, 2016). On the other hand, it has been observed that the UK government has introduced the deep cuts to the public sectors that are affecting many of the business and preventing the foreign investors in investing the capitals in the trade businesses. Legal Environment in doing business in UK Business marketers need to follow the basic legal aspects while doing business in UK. The most important legal aspect of UK is the taxation process. It is observed England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales are the separated jurisdiction for the legal purposes (Bekaert et al., 2016). There is no restriction in the foreign investments or any ownership. Banking, defense, financial services, and media industry can avail the opportunity to access the UK market for more profits. First and foremost concern of the foreign business marketers is about the data protection norms. Every foreign business requires complying with the Data Protection Act 1998 when the business would use any personal data (Stahl Tung, 2015). The regulations in the financial service industry in UK are much strict. The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 regulates the functionalities concerned with the financial accounts and commercial services (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Moreover, the foreign business marketers even face the considerable challenges from the taxation, marketing agreements, and intellectual properties as well. In the post-Brexit period, the foreign investors need to follow both the UK government rules and EU regulations, which determine maximum challenges for the foreign companies. In fact, it takes longer time to register for the business that is to be established in UK. Recommendations Observing the scenario in the UK market, it is necessary for the business marketers to comply with every rule and regulations at the initial stage. It can be suggested that developing the partnerships with the local business would be much helpful in such context. The local partners would help in understanding the legal norms and the method of dealing with such regulations. Moreover, if the foreign traders would collaborate with the local partners, the company requires paying tax either to the EU community or UK government. The separate entity requires paying the trade tariff as per the structure set by both the EU and UK Government due to the Britain referendum. However, the taxation process would be similar to the local companies. However, it would be much beneficial in understanding the method of paying taxes and the investment facilities as per the EU regulations. Conclusion The study highlights the legal and political environmental effects in UK. The stable political condition and the larger economic structure are quite beneficial for the foreign investors to establish their business. However, the Brexit effects and strict regulations of EU are the major obstruction in developing the business entity. On the other hand, legal rules imposed on the foreign traders and the taxation process are quite challenging for the foreign investors. It is important for the foreign investors to pay attention towards the legal aspects related to the taxation, marketing agreements, and intellectual properties. Advises from the legal consultants would much been beneficial in such context. Moreover, the foreign investors can establish the partnership business with the local business. It would be much beneficial in understanding the regulations posed by the UK governments and regulatory bodies. References Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., Lundblad, C. T., Siegel, S. (2016). Political risk and international valuation.Journal of Corporate Finance,37, 1-23. Besley, T. (2015). Law, regulation, and the business climate: The nature and influence of the World Bank Doing Business project.Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(3), 99-120. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Doingbusiness.org. (2018).Doing Business in United Kingdom - World Bank Group. [online] Available at: https://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/united-kingdom/#paying-taxes [Accessed 29 Mar. 2018]. Export.gov. (2018).Export.gov - Doing Business in the UK. [online] Available at: https://2016.export.gov/unitedkingdom/doingbusinessintheuk/index.asp [Accessed 29 Mar. 2018]. Stahl, G. K., Tung, R. L. (2015). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship.Journal of International Business Studies,46(4), 391-414. Subedi, S. P. (2016).International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Rome Italy Essays - Film, Rome, Ancient Roman Architecture

Rome Italy My Trip to Rome, Italy I had learned I was being sent to Italy in March of 2000 for a machine tool exhibition. I found out the happy news just before leaving work. Excitedly I jumped into my car and started my journey home. As I drove home down I-95 through all of the usual evening traffic I just kept thinking about ho I was going to tell my husband we were going to Italy. That night I continuously paced the floor looking out of my bedroom window to see if my husband was home from work yet. As he drove up in our driveway I ran outside to tell him the good news. I said, ?Nick guess where we are going in March Before he could even say where I yelled out ?Italy?! Italy, he said with a puzzled look on his face. I then explained the situation with work and said to him since if I have the opportunity to go I thought it would be a great idea for you to come along with me. I suggested scheduled some time before the show for the two of us to travel around Rome. Later that night it was settled we would schedule a co uple of days to tour Rome before the exhibition. It seemed like forever before we would finally be on our way, but then before I knew it we were on the airplane and the flight attendant is announcing fasten your seatbelts and prepare for landing into Leonardo da Vinci airport. After arriving at the airport we had to transfer to a train that would take us to the city center. It was about a 30-minute train ride. Along the ride I was getting my first look at Rome, mostly the colorful countryside with the rows of sunflowers that were so splendid with bright yellow centers, and green leaves that were so full of life. Just pass the beautiful field of sunflowers was a small farmhouse made of stone. You could see the smoke coming out of the chimney and the farmers working their land. Upon arriving at the main train station, ?Stazione Termini? in Italian, the excitement was building I couldn't wait another minute to see all the sites of Rome. The Colosseum, The Roman Forum, and the Vatican were tops on my list, and with only a couple of days to site see there wasn't any time to waste. We stopped at our hotel the ?Hotel Bolivar? which was a small hotel with only 18 rooms. The hotel was off the main road surrounded by other buildings. The building was old maybe 100 years or more, but beautiful. The wooden shutters on the windows and the pale beige stone walls were breathtaking. We decided we would not take a guided tour, but opted to take a more exciting route and we would find our way around on foot. We left our hotel and started to travel down the Italian Street ?Via dei Fori Imperialli? and there before our very eyes was The Colosseum. It was amazing just like the pictures I have seen all my life. I found it strange however that it sat directly in the middle of the street where cars and mopeds or vespas as they're known in Italy wizzed around it like it was just another building. Walking closer to The Colosseum we began to see the stone remains and columns of the Roman Forum. In order for the stone remains of the now vanished temples to have some meaning we had to purchase a detailed map, but at night when the Forum is silent in the moonlight, it isn't hard to imagine that vestal virgins still guard the sacred temple fire. As we approached the Colosseum you could begin to see the shell of what was one the greatest architectural structures of ancient Rome. We toured the rest of the Colosseum that day, walking up the stone stairs where ancient Romans once walked 2000 years ago to view the combat between the gladiators and wild beasts. Many people believe that Christians were fed to the lions here, but most historians believe that this legend is untrue. The next morning we took a

Hawaiis Volcanic Hot Spot

Hawaiis Volcanic Hot Spot Under the Hawaiian Islands, there is a volcanic â€Å"hot spot,† a hole in the Earth’s crust that allows lava to surface and layer. Over millions of years, these layers form mountains of volcanic rock that eventually break the surface of the Pacific Ocean, forming islands. As the Pacific Plate very slowly moves across the hot spot, new islands are formed. It took 80 million years to create the current chain of Hawaiian islands. Discovering the Hot Spot In 1963, John Tuzo Wilson, a Canadian geophysicist, introduced a contentious theory. He hypothesized there was a hot spot under the Hawaiian Islands - a mantle plume of concentrated geothermal heat that melted rock and rose up as magma through fractures under the Earth’s crust. At the time they were introduced, Wilson’s ideas were very controversial and many dubious geologists were not accepting theories of plate tectonics or hot spots. Some researchers thought that volcanic areas were only in the middle of plates and not at subduction zones. However, Dr. Wilson’s hot spot hypothesis helped to solidify the plate tectonics argument. He provided evidence that the Pacific Plate has been slowly drifting over a deep-seated hot spot for 70 million years, leaving behind the Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamount Chain of more than 80 extinct, dormant, and active volcanoes. Wilson’s Evidence Wilson worked diligently to find evidence and tested volcanic rock samples from each volcanic island in the Hawaiian Islands. He found that the oldest weathered and eroded rocks on a geological time scale were on Kauai, the northernmost island, and that rocks on the islands were gradually younger as he went south. The youngest rocks were on the southernmost Big Island of Hawaii, which is actively erupting today. The ages of the Hawaiian Islands gradually decrease as seen in the list below: Niihau and Kauai (5.6 - 3.8 million years old).Oahu (3.4 - 2.2 million years old)Molokai (1.8 - 1.3 million years old)Maui (1.3 - 0.8 years old)Big Island of Hawaii (less than 0.7 million years old) and it is still expanding. The Pacific Plate Conveys the Hawaiian Islands Wilson’s research proved that the Pacific Plate has been moving and carrying the Hawaiian Islands northwest off the hot spot. It moves at a rate of four inches a year. The volcanoes are conveyed away from the stationary hot spot; thus, as they move farther away they become older and more eroded and their elevation decreases. Interestingly, about 47 million years ago, the path of the Pacific Plate changed direction from north to northwest. The reason for this is unknown, but it might have been because of India colliding with Asia at approximately the same time. The Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamount Chain Geologists now know the ages of the undersea volcanoes of the Pacific. In the farthest northwest reaches of the chain, the underwater Emperor Seamounts (extinct volcanoes) are between 35-85 million years old and they are highly eroded. These submersed volcanoes, peaks, and islands extend 3,728 miles (6,000 kilometers) from the Loihi Seamount near the Big Island of Hawaii, all the way to the Aleutian Ridge in the northwest Pacific. The oldest seamount, Meiji, is 75-80 million years old, whereas the Hawaiian Islands are the youngest volcanoes - and a very small part of this vast chain. Right Under the Hot-Spot: Hawaii’s Big Island Volcanoes At this very moment, the Pacific Plate is moving over a localized source of heat energy, namely, the stationary hot spot, so active calderas continually flow and erupt periodically on the Big Island of Hawaii. The Big Island has five volcanoes that are connected together – Kohala, Mauna Kea, Hualalai, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. The northwestern part of the Big Island ceased erupting 120,000 years ago, whereas Mauna Kea, the volcano in the southwest part of the Big Island erupted only 4,000 years ago. Hualalai had its last eruption in 1801. Land is continually being added to the Big Island of Hawai’i because lava that flows from its shield volcanoes is deposited on the surface. Mauna Loa, the largest volcano on Earth, is the most massive mountain in the world because it occupies an area of 19,000 cubic miles (79,195.5 cubic km). It rises 56,000 feet (17,069 m), which is 27,000 feet (8,229.6 km) higher than Mount Everest. It is also one of the world’s most active volcanoes having erupted 15 times since 1900. Its most recent eruptions were in 1975 (for one day) and in 1984 (for three weeks). It could erupt again at any time. Since Europeans arrived, Kilauea has erupted 62 times and after it erupted in 1983 it stayed active. It is the Big Island’s youngest volcano, in the shield forming stage, and it erupts from its large caldera (bowl-shaped depression) or from its rift zones (gaps or fissures). Magma from the Earth’s mantle rises to a reservoir about one-half to three miles under Kilauea’s summit, and pressure builds up in the magma reservoir. Kilauea releases sulfur dioxide from vents and craters - and lava flows onto the island and into the sea. South of Hawaii, about 21.8 mi (35 km) off the coast of the Big Island, the youngest submarine volcano, Loihi, is rising from the sea floor. It last erupted in 1996, which is very recent in geological history. It is actively venting hydrothermal fluids from its summit and rift zones. Rising up about 10,000 feet above the ocean floor to within 3,000 feet of the water surface, Loihi is in the submarine, pre-shield stage. In accordance with the hot spot theory, if it continues to grow, it might be the next Hawaiian Island in the chain. The Evolution of a Hawaiian Volcano Wilson’s findings and theories have increased knowledge about the genesis and life cycle of hot spot volcanoes and plate tectonics. This has helped to guide contemporary scientists and future exploration. It is now known, that the heat of the Hawaiian hot spot creates fluid molten rock that consists of liquefied rock, dissolved gas, crystals, and bubbles. It originates deep below the earth in the asthenosphere, which is viscous, semi-solid and pressurized with heat. There are huge tectonic plates or slabs that glide over this plastic-like asthenosphere. Due to the geothermal hot spot energy, the magma or molten rock (which is not as dense as the surrounding rocks), rises through fractures from under the crust. The magma rises and pushes its way through the tectonic plate of the lithosphere (the rigid, rocky, outer crust), and it erupts on the ocean floor to create a seamount or underwater volcanic mountain. The seamount or volcano erupts under the sea for hundreds of thousands of years and then the volcano rises above the sea level. A large amount of lava is added to the pile, making a volcanic cone that eventually sticks out above the floor of the ocean - and a new island is created. The volcano keeps growing until the Pacific Plate carries it away from the hot spot. Then the volcanic eruptions cease to erupt because there is no longer a lava supply. The extinct volcano then erodes to become an island atoll and then a coral atoll (ring shaped reef). As it continues to sink and erode, it becomes a seamount or guyot, a flat underwater tablemount, no longer seen above the water’s surface. Summary Overall, John Tuzo Wilson provided some concrete evidence and deeper insight into the geological processes above and below the surface of the Earth. His hot spot theory, derived from studies of the Hawaiian Islands, is now accepted, and it helps people understand some ever-changing elements of volcanism and plate tectonics. Hawaii’s undersea hot spot is the impetus for dynamic eruptions, leaving behind rocky remnants that continually enlarge the island chain. While older seamounts are declining, younger volcanoes are erupting, and new stretches of lava land is forming.

Slave Poet Phillis Wheatley - An Analysis of Her Poems

Slave Poet Phillis Wheatley - An Analysis of Her Poems Critics have differed on the contribution of Phillis Wheatleys poetry to Americas literary tradition. Most critics agree that the fact that someone called slave  could write and publish poetry at that time and place is itself noteworthy in history. Some, including Benjamin Franklin and Benjamin Rush, wrote their positive assessments of her poetry. Others, like Thomas Jefferson, dismissed her poetrys quality. Critics through the decades have also been split on the quality and importance of her poems. Restraint What can be said is that the poems of Phillis Wheatley display a classical quality and restrained emotion. Many deal with pietistic Christian sentiments. In many, Wheatley uses classical mythology and ancient history as allusions, including many references to the muses as inspiring her poetry. She speaks to the white establishment, not to fellow slaves nor, really, for them. Her references to her own situation of enslavement are restrained. Was Phillis Wheatleys restraint simply a matter of imitating the style of poets popular in that time? Or was it in large part because, in her enslaved condition, Phillis Wheatley could not express herself freely? Is there an undertone of critique of slavery as an institution beyond the simple reality that her own writing proved that enslaved Africans could be educated and could produce at least passable writings? Certainly, her situation was used by later abolitionists and Benjamin Rush in an anti-slavery essay written in her own lifetime to prove their case that education and training could prove useful, contrary to allegations of others. Published Poems In the published volume of her poems, there is that attestation of many prominent men that they are acquainted with her and her work. On the one hand, this emphasizes how unusual was her accomplishment, and how suspicious most people would be about its possibility. But at the same time, it emphasizes that she is known by these people an accomplishment in itself, which many of her readers could not share. Also in this volume, an engraving of Phillis Wheatley is included as a frontispiece. This emphasizes her color and, by her clothing, her servitude, and her refinement and comfort. But it also shows a slave and woman at her desk, emphasizing that she can read and write. She is caught in a pose of contemplation perhaps listening for her muses but this also shows that she can think an accomplishment which some of her contemporaries would find scandalous to contemplate. A Look at One Poem A few observations about one poem may demonstrate how to find a subtle critique of slavery in Phillis Wheatleys poetry. In just eight lines, Wheatley describes her attitude towards her condition of enslavement both coming from Africa to America, and the culture that considers her color so negatively. Following the poem (from Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, 1773), are some observations about its treatment of the theme of slavery: On being brought from Africa to America.TWAS mercy brought me from my Pagan land,Taught my benighted soul to understandThat theres a God, that theres a Saviour too:Once I redemption neither sought nor knew,Some view our sable race with scornful eye,Their colour is a diabolic die.Remember, Christians, Negroes, black as Cain,May be refind, and join th angelic train. Observations Wheatley begins by crediting her slavery as a positive because it has brought her to Christianity. While her Christian faith was surely genuine, it was also a safe subject for a slave poet. Expressing gratitude for her enslavement may be unexpected to most readers.The word benighted is an interesting one: it means overtaken by night or darkness or being in a state of moral or intellectual darkness. Thus, she makes her skin color and her original state of ignorance of Christian redemption parallel situations.She also uses the phrase mercy brought me and the title on being brought deftly down-playing the violence of the kidnapping of a child and the voyage on a slave ship, so as to not seem a dangerous critic of slavery, but at the same time crediting not the slave trade, but (divine) mercy with the act. This could be read as denying the power to those human beings who kidnapped her and subjected her to the voyage and to her subsequent sale and submission.She credits mercy with her vo yage but also with her education in Christianity. Both were actually at the hands of human beings. In turning both to God, she reminds her audience that there is a force more powerful than they are a force that has acted directly in her life. She cleverly distances her reader from those who view our sable race with scornful eye perhaps thus nudging the reader to a more critical view of slavery or at least a more positive view of those who are slaves.Sable as a self-description of her color is a very interesting choice of words. Sable is very valuable and desirable. This characterization contrasts sharply to the diabolic die of the next line.Diabolic die may also be a subtle reference to another side of the triangle trade which includes slaves. At about that same time, the Quaker leader John Woolman is boycotting dyes in order to protest slavery.In the second-to-last line, the word Christian is placed ambiguously. She may either be addressing her last sentence to Christians or she may be including Christians in those who may be refined and find salvation.She reminds her reader that Negroes may be saved (in the religious and Christian understanding of salvation).The implication of her last sentence is also this: the angel ic train will include both white and black. In the last sentence, she uses the verb remember implying that the reader is already with her and just needs the reminder to agree with her point.She uses the verb remember in the form of a direct command. While echoing Puritan preachers in using this style, Phillis Wheatley is also taking on the role of one who has the right to command: a teacher, a preacher, even perhaps a master or mistress. About Slavery in Wheatleys Poetry In looking at Wheatleys attitude towards slavery in her poetry, its also important to note that most of Phillis Wheatleys poems do not refer to her condition of servitude at all. Most are occasional pieces, written on the death of some notable or on some special occasion. Few refer directly and certainly not this directly to her personal story or status.

How music affects emotions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How music affects emotions - Essay Example Though emotional reactions occur within human beings, most of the times, various factors or people provoke these reactions. Music is the perfect example of a factor that affects and influence heavily on human emotions. Music impacts profoundly on the emotions and elicit reactions such as happiness, sadness, and anxiety. Furthermore, it leads to stress or the relaxation of people. The massive ability and power that music has is unmatchable and undeniably strong. Music easily manipulates human beings’ emotions and the brain in a simple yet a sweet and exciting way. Music physically influences the brain that triggers a range of emotional response from human beings. Though the emotional content of most music is subjective, it has little or no influence on the ability to trigger feelings and reactions in humans. Consequently, various people enjoy and experience music in different ways that massively affects their memories both positively and negatively. The difference in experiencing varied emotions hugely depends on the environment and mood of the person listening to the music. Additionally, culture, personality, and preference also play an enormous role in determining a person’s emotional experience when listening to music. Furthermore, various types and genres of music elicit different and contrasting emotions among the listeners Music easily makes people happy and psyched up at different times. Although pursuing personal happiness is important and relevant to most people, some view it as a selfish and self-centered act. Major keys and rapid tempos cause happiness among listeners. This type of music elevates the mood creating and ecstasy feeling among the listeners. Furthermore, happy and excited people tend to maintain and improve their mood by listening to lively music. The idea of listening to such type of music at such moments is natural and people have no explanation for this. In addition, music serves a